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History
History of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery at Riley Hospital for Children
1949 Harris B Shumacker, Jr. pioneered the cardio-vascular surgery program at Riley Hospital and Indiana University Medical Center. He came from Yale University after training with Dr. Alfred Blalock, an early pioneer in the field of congenital heart surgery at Johns Hopkins University. Congenital heart operations done then included coarctation repair, patent ductus arteriosus surgery and Blalock-Taussig shunts. The initial surgical volume was about 20 cases per year. 1950 Paul Lurie, pediatric cardiologist, started a cardiology clinic at Riley Hospital. He treated many patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Many of these patients were referred for Blalock-Taussig shunts. 1951 Cardiac catheterization laboratory is established in the then-new Research Building of Riley Hospital. 1954 Dr. Paul Lurie and Dr. Jack Campbell pioneer the use of cineangiocardiography in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. They and Dr. Mason Sones at the Cleveland Clinic were the first in the United States to develop this methodology. 1954 First open heart surgery in the United States is done at University of Minnesota by Dr. C. Walton Lillihei, utilizing the cross-circulation technique (mother served as the pump-oxygenator).
1955 Open heart surgery performed at the University of Minnesota and the Mayo Clinic utilizing a mechanical pump-oxygenator. 1956 First open heart surgery in Indiana performed at Riley Hospital for closure of a ventricular septal defect by Drs. Shumacker and King utilizing a mechanical pump-oxygenator. Riley Hospital becomes a pioneer center for pediatric cardiac surgery. 1957-1965 Many cardiac defects, including ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot are repaired by Riley heart surgeons. 1965 Mechanical ventilators first used by the cardiothoracic surgery team for post-op cardiac patients at Riley Hospital.
1967 First interventional catheterization in Indiana, balloon atrial septostomy, is performed at Riley by Drs. Girod, Petrie, and Lurie. This procedure, combined with the newly introduced Mustard operation, revolutionized the treatment of complete transposition of the great vessels. 1968 Dr. Harold King has a remarkable consecutive series of 28 successful surgical repairs of tetralogy of Fallot at Riley at a time when survival rates at centers nationwide were less than 10%. 1968 Dr. Francis Fontan in Bordeaux, France, performs highly effective palliative operation for infants born with only one ventricle. This operation is now known as the Fontan procedure. 1970-1982 Surgical treatment becomes available for nearly all cardiac defects, both simple and complex, at Riley and at hospitals around the world. 1975 Staged Fontan procedure performed at Riley Hospital for Children. 1980 Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, the most complex form of single ventricle, is successfully treated by Dr. William Norwood in Boston. Riley and other children's hospitals soon adopt this treatment. 1983 Interventional catheterization therapy is used to treat pulmonary stenosis and recurrent coarctation of the aorta. 1986 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) treatment is used for neonates with pulmonary hypertension. 1989 First pediatric heart transplant performed at Riley Hospital for Children. Riley quickly becomes one of the three busiest heart transplant centers in the country. 1991 First pediatric catheter ablation for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in Indiana is performed at Riley. 1995 Nitric oxide becomes available through a research study protocol at Riley as a therapy for pulmonary hypertension following cardiac surgery.
1999 Cardiothoracic surgery staff shift technique to limited incision-limited sternotomies in surgery to limit pain, scarring and recovery for the post-operative patient. 2001 First outpatient closed heart surgical procedure performed at the Riley Heart Center. 2001 Treatment options for atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus are expanded with introduction of catheter device closure. [Keywords: heart, cardiac, cardiovascular surgery] |
1966 Riley is one of the first centers in the nation to use echocardiography for congenital heart defects under the direction of Dr. Harvey Feigenbaum.This new technique revolutionized pediatric cardiac diagnosis. Riley Hospital is recognized as one of the most advanced echocardiography centers in the country. 
1998 Riley partners with the Rotary's Gift of Life program to provide treatment for children with heart defects from third world countries who would not otherwise be able to receive life-saving care.
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